Narraion
Step-1 - Tense পরিবর্তন-
Direct
|
Indirect
|
Present Indefinite
|
past Indefinite
|
Present continuos
|
Past continuos
|
Present Perfect
|
Past Perfect
|
Past Indefinite
|
Past Perfect
|
Past Perfect
|
Past Perfect
|
past Perfect continuos
|
Past Perfect
|
Past continuos
|
past Perfect continuos
|
Future(shall/will)
|
Future(should/would)
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Step-2 (a) Word পরিবর্তন-
Direct
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Indirect
|
Direct
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Indirect
| |
Now
|
Then
|
Here
|
There
| |
Ago
|
Before
|
Hence
|
Thence
| |
Today
|
That day
|
This
|
That
| |
To night
|
That night
|
Thease
|
Those
| |
Tomorrow
|
The next day
|
Thus
|
That way/so
| |
yesterday
|
The previous day
|
Come
|
Go
| |
Last night
|
The previous night
| |||
Next week/year
|
The following week/year
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(b) modal পরিবর্তন ।
Direct
|
Indirect
|
Direct
|
Indirect
| |
Shall/will/may
|
Should/would/might
|
May have
|
Might have
| |
Can/Can be
|
Could/could be
|
Need/dare
|
Needed/dared
| |
Shall be/Will be
|
Should be/would be
|
must
|
Had to
| |
May be
|
Might be
|
Must have
|
must have had+ (noun)
| |
Should/could have
|
Should/could have had
|
Step-3 (a) Reprting verb পরিবর্তন -
Reporting verb (Direct)
|
Sentence
|
Indirect
|
Say / said to
|
Asserive sentence
|
Says/told [ ,” পরিবর্তে that]
|
Interrogative sentence
|
Asked [ ,” পরিবর্তে if/wh word]
| |
Imparative sentence
|
Request/order/advise
[ ,” পরিবর্তে to/that]
| |
Optative sentence
|
Wish/pray [ ,” পরিবর্তে that]
| |
Exclamaory sentece
|
Exclaim with joy/ sorrow
[ ,” পরিবর্তে that]
|
(b) Person পরিবর্তন -
1) [ Reporting verb এর sub/obj অনুসারে পরিবর্তন হয় । ]
1 Dhaka Board-2015
Direct : “Good morning, students,” said the teacher.“How are you?” “We are fine, sir. What about you?” “I am fine too. Please, sitdown.” “Have you prepared your lesson?” the teacher asked. “Sorry, sir, we havenot prepared our lesson,” they replied.
Indirect : The teacher wished the students good morning.He also asked how they were. The students respectfully replied that they werefine. They also asked how he was. The teacher replied that he was fine too andordered them to sit down. He also asked if they had prepared their lesson. Thestudents respectfully expressed their sorrow and said that they had notprepared their lesson.
2 Chittagong Board-2015
Direct : “Have you ever been to Cox’s Bazar?” asked Shahab. “No, I have never,” replied Labib. “But I desire for visiting the place.” “I had an opportunity to visit the sea-beach last year,” said Shabab. “Let us go there this week,” said Labib.
InDirect : Shabab asked Labib if he had ever been toCox’s Bazar. Labib replied in the negative and said that he had never beenthere. But he added that he desired for visiting the place. Shabab said that hehad an opportunity to visit the sea-beach last year. Labib suggested that theyshould go there that week.
3 RAJSHAHI BOARD – 2015
Direct : “Konika, have you done your English lessontoday?” asked the teacher. “Yes, sir” she replied. “But I have not understoodone gramatical point.” The teacher assured her saying, “Come to my room, I willhelp you understand the point.” “Thank you, sir.” she smilingly said.
InDirect : The teacher asked Konika if she had done herEnglish lesson that day.She replied in the affirmative and said that she hadnot understood one gramatical point. The teacher advised her to come to hisroom. He also assured her saying that she wouid help her understand the point.With respect she smilingly thanked him.
4 BORISAL BOARD _ 2015
Direct : The teacher said to the girl, “Do youthink that honesty is the best policy?” The girl said, “Yes, sir, I think so.”“Then learn to be honest from your childhood,” said the teacher. “Thank you,sir,” said the girl. “May Allah bless you,” said the teacher.
InDirect :The teacher asked the girl if shethought that honesty is the best policy. The girl respectfully replied in theaffirmative that she thought so. Then the teacher advised her to learn to behonest from her childhood. The girl respectfully thanked him. The teacherprayed that Allah might bless him.
5 SYLHET BOARD- 2015
Direct : The girl said to the teacher, “Sir, I shall begrateful if you kindly lend me the book you praised highly in the classroomyesterday.” The teacher said, “I have become really happy to know that you areeager to read this book. You are welcome to any of my books that you like.”“Thank you, sir,” said the girl. “You are welcome,” said the teacher.
InDirect : The girl respectfully told the teacher thatshe should be grateful if he kindly lend her the book he had praised highly inthe classroom the previous day. The teacher told that he had become reallyhappy to know that she was eager to read that book. He added that she waswelcome to any of his books that she liked. The girl respectfully thanked herteacher. The teacher welcomed the girl
6 JB: 2012
InDirect : why are you going to borisal said fatheri want to buy some important books said saad do you need money yes father don’tgo alone as time is not going well
Direct :“Why are you going to Borisal?” saidfather. “I want to buy some important books”, Said saad. “Do you need money?” “Yes,father.” “Don’t go alone as time is not going well.”
7 RB:2012
InDirect : once my mother said to me who came toyou my friend rafiq mom she asked what did he want i said his mother is ill heneeds some money i have given him five hundred taka my mother said wonderful
Direct:Once my mother said to me, “Who came toyou?” “My friend, Rafiq, Mom.” She asked, “What did he want?” I said, “His motheris ill. He needs some money. I have given him five hundred taka.” My mothersaid, “Wonderful!”
8 CB:2011
InDirect : the teacher said to the boy where are you goingnow i am going to school said the boy did you go to school yesterday no the boyreplied why did you not go i was suffering from fever said the boy
Direct :The teacher said to the boy, “Where are you goingnow?” “I am going to school,” said the boy. “Did you go to school yesterday?”“No”, the boy replied. “Why did you notgo?” “I was suffering from fever,” said the boy.
9 TEST EXAM: 2013
InDirect : the man said to me where are you going i amgoing to school said i did you go to school yesterday no i replied why didn'tyou go i was very busy said i
InDirect : The man said to me, “Where are you going?” “Iam going to school,” said I. “Did you go to school yesterday?” “No” i replied.“Why didn't you go?” “I was very busy,” said I.
NARRATION
Subject and object
Subject
|
Object
|
Subject
|
Object
|
I
|
Me
|
He
|
Him
|
We
|
Us
|
She
|
Her
|
You
|
You
|
They
|
Them
|
MODALS
Direct
|
Indirect
|
Direct
|
Indirect
| |||
Shall
|
Should
|
Should have
|
Should have had
| |||
Will
|
Would
|
Could have
|
Could have had
| |||
Can
|
Could
|
May have
|
Might have
| |||
May
|
Might
|
Need
|
Needed
| |||
Can be
|
Could be
|
Dare
|
Dared
| |||
May be
|
Might be
|
Must
|
Had to
| |||
Shall be
|
Should be
|
Must have + noun
|
Must have had+noun
| |||
Will be
|
Would be
| |||||
WORD
Direct
|
Indirect
|
Direct
|
Indirect
| |
Here
|
There
|
Today
|
That day
| |
Ago
|
Before
|
Tonight
|
That night
| |
Come
|
Go
|
Tomorrow
|
The next day
| |
Thus
|
So
|
Yesterday
|
The previous day
| |
Hither
|
Thither
|
Last night
|
The previous night
| |
Hence
|
Thence
|
Last moth
|
The previous month
| |
Now
|
Then
|
Last year
|
The previous year
|
TENSE
Direct Narration
|
Indirect Narration
|
Present indefinite
|
Past indefinite
|
Present continuous
|
Past continuous
|
Present perfect
|
Past perfect
|
Present perfect continuous
|
Past perfect continuous
|
Past indefinite
|
Past perfect
|
Past continuous
|
Past perfect continuous
|
Past perfect
|
Past perfect
|
Future
|
Future in the past
|
Reporting verb পরিবর্তন
Direct Narration
|
Indirect Narration
|
Reporting verb
Said to
|
Assertive sentence
told
|
Interrogative sentence
asked
| |
.Imperative sentence
Requested/orderd/advised
| |
Optative sentence
Wished/prayed
| |
Exclamatory sentence:
Exclaimed with joy/sorrow
|